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INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58 80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
Product data
Supersedes data of 1999 Oct 27
2002 Jan 15
IC28 Data Handbook
Philips Semiconductors
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
DESCRIPTION
The 89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58 contain a non-volatile FLASH program memory that is parallel programmable. For devices that are serial programmable (In-System Programmable (ISP) and In-Application Programmable (IAP) with a boot loader), see the 89C51Rx2 or 89C66x datasheets. All three families are Single-Chip 8-bit Microcontrollers manufactured in advanced CMOS process and are derivatives of the 80C51 microcontroller family. All the devices have the same instruction set as the 80C51.
SELECTION TABLE FOR FLASH DEVICES
MTP devices (this data sheet) 89C51 ROM/EPROM memory size RAM size (byte) Parallel programming In-System Programming (ISP) In-Application Programming (IAP) PWM Programmable Timer/Counter (PCA) Hardware Watchdog Timer Serial Channels 4K 128 yes no no no no no UART 89C52/54/58 8K/16K/32K 256 yes no no no no no UART ISP/IAP devices (see separate data sheets) 89C51Rx2 16K-64K 512-1K yes yes yes yes yes yes UART 89C66x 16K-64K 512-8K yes yes yes yes yes yes UART + I2C
MTP = Multi-Time Programming (via parallel programmer) ISP = In-System Programming (via serial interface) IAP = In-Application Programming Please note that the FLASH programming algorithm for these parts has been modified. Please see the Device Comparison table for details.
DEVICE COMPARISON TABLE
Item Type description Old devices P89C5xUBxx / P89C5xUFxx New devices P89C5xBx Reason for change Letter U dropped for shorter type descriptions (formerly designated speed (0-33 MHz)) Programming algorithm modification required by process change!
Programming algorithm
When using parallel programmer, be sure to select P89C5xUxxx devices
When using a parallel programmer, be sure to select P89C5xBx devices (no more letter U). IF DEVICES ARE NOT YET SELECTABLE, ASK YOUR VENDOR FOR A SOFTWARE UPDATE. PQFP package replaced by LQFP package (P89C5xBBD). SEE NEW DIMENSIONS AT THE END OF THIS DATA SHEET. PLCC = A LQFP = BD PDIP = P 10,000 program and erase cycles Active mode: ICC(MAX)= (0.55 FREQ. + 8.0)mA Idle mode: ICC(MAX) = (0.3 FREQ. + 2.0)mA
Quad Flat Package type
PQFP package (P89C5xUxBB)
Reduction in package height
Package identifiers
PLCC = AA PQFP = BB PDIP = PN 100 program and erase cycles Active mode: ICC(MAX)= (0.9 FREQ. + 20)mA Idle mode: ICC(MAX) = (0.37 FREQ. + 1.0)mA
Shorter type descriptions
Flash memory program and erase cycles Power consumption
Process change allows more program and erase cycles Process change allows lower power consumption
2002 Jan 15
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853-2148 27548
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
FEATURES
* 80C51 Central Processing Unit * On-chip FLASH Program Memory * Speed up to 33 MHz * Fully static operation * RAM expandable externally up to 64 kbytes * 4 interrupt priority levels * 6 interrupt sources * Four 8-bit I/O ports * Full-duplex enhanced UART
- Framing error detection - Automatic address recognition
* Three 16-bit timers/counters T0, T1 (standard 80C51) and
additional T2 (capture and compare)
* Power control modes
- Clock can be stopped and resumed - Idle mode - Power down mode
* Programmable clock out * Second DPTR register * Asynchronous port reset * Low EMI (inhibit ALE) * Wake up from power down by an external interrupt
ORDERING INFORMATION
Type number 4K Flash version P89C51BA P89C51BP1 P89C51BN2 P89C51BBD 8K Flash version P89C52BA P89C52BP1 P89C52BN2 P89C52BBD 16K Flash version P89C54BA P89C54BP1 P89C54BN2 P89C54BBD 32K Flash version P89C58BA P89C58BP1 P89C58BN2 P89C58BBD Package Name PLCC44 DIP40 LQFP44 Description plastic leaded chip carrier; 44 leads plastic dual in-line package; 40 leads plastic low profile quad flat package; 44 leads; body 10 x 10 x 1.4 mm Version SOT187-2 SOT129-1 SOT389-1 Temperature Range3 (C) 0 to +70 0 to +70 0 to +70 Voltage Range (V) 5 5 5 Frequency (MHz) 0 to 33 0 to 33 0 to 33
NOTES: 1. Philips (except North America) Part Order Number 2. Philips North America Part Order Number. Note that parts will be marked "P89C5xBP", respectively (x = 1, 2, 4, 8) 3. Industrial temperatures will be released with P89C5xX2 devices (see separate data sheet)
PART NUMBER DERIVATION
Device number (P89C5x) P89C51 P89C52 P89C54 P89C58 Temperature range B = 0 _C to 70 _C Package BD = LQFP A = PLCC P = PDIP
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
BLOCK DIAGRAM 1
Standard 80C51+ CPU
4K - 32K Byte Code Flash Full-duplex enhanced UART 128 / 256 Byte Data RAM Timer 0 Timer 1 Port 3 Configurable I/Os Timer 2 Port 2 Configurable I/Os
Port 1 Configurable I/Os
Port 0 Configurable I/Os
Crystal or Resonator
Oscillator
su01554
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
BLOCK DIAGRAM 2 (CPU ORIENTED)
P0.0-P0.7 P2.0-P2.7
PORT 0 DRIVERS VCC VSS RAM ADDR REGISTER RAM PORT 0 LATCH
PORT 2 DRIVERS
PORT 2 LATCH
FLASH
8 B REGISTER STACK POINTER
ACC
TMP2
TMP1
PROGRAM ADDRESS REGISTER
ALU
BUFFER
SFRs PSW TIMERS PC INCREMENTER 8 PROGRAM COUNTER PSEN ALE EAVPP RST PD TIMING AND CONTROL INSTRUCTION REGISTER 16
DPTR'S MULTIPLE
PORT 1 LATCH
PORT 3 LATCH
OSCILLATOR PORT 1 DRIVERS XTAL1 XTAL2 P1.0-P1.7 PORT 3 DRIVERS
P3.0-P3.7
SU01066
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
LOGIC SYMBOL
VCC XTAL1 PORT 0 ADDRESS AND DATA BUS VSS
Ceramic and Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier Pin Functions
6 1 40
7
39
PLCC XTAL2 T2 T2EX RST EA/VPP PSEN SECONDARY FUNCTIONS ALE/PROG RxD TxD INT0 INT1 T0 T1 WR RD PORT 1 17 29
18 Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Function NIC* P1.0/T2 P1.1/T2EX P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 RST P3.0/RxD NIC* P3.1/TxD P3.2/INT0 P3.3/INT1 Pin 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Function P3.4/T0 P3.5/T1 P3.6/WR P3.7/RD XTAL2 XTAL1 VSS NIC* P2.0/A8 P2.1/A9 P2.2/A10 P2.3/A11 P2.4/A12 P2.5/A13 P2.6/A14
28 Pin 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Function P2.7/A15 PSEN ALE NIC* EA/VPP P0.7/AD7 P0.6/AD6 P0.5/AD5 P0.4/AD4 P0.3/AD3 P0.2/AD2 P0.1/AD1 P0.0/AD0 VCC
PORT 3
PORT 2
ADDRESS BUS
SU00830
PIN CONFIGURATIONS Dual In-Line Package Pin Functions
T2/P1.0 1 T2EX/P1.1 2 P1.2 3 P1.3 4 P1.4 5 P1.5 6 P1.6 7 P1.7 8 RST 9 RxD/P3.0 10 TxD/P3.1 11 INT0/P3.2 12 INT1/P3.3 13 T0/P3.4 14 T1/P3.5 15 WR/P3.6 16 RD/P3.7 17 XTAL2 18 XTAL1 19 VSS 20 DUAL IN-LINE PACKAGE 40 VCC 39 P0.0/AD0 38 P0.1/AD1 37 P0.2/AD2 36 P0.3/AD3 35 P0.4/AD4 34 P0.5/AD5 33 P0.6/AD6
* NO INTERNAL CONNECTION
SU01062
Low Profile Quad Flat Pack Pin Functions
44 34
1
33
LQFP
11 32 P0.7/AD7 31 EA/VPP 30 ALE 29 PSEN 28 P2.7/A15 27 P2.6/A14 26 P2.5/A13 25 P2.4/A12 24 P2.3/A11 23 P2.2/A10 22 P2.1/A9 21 P2.0/A8 Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Function P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 RST P3.0/RxD NIC* P3.1/TxD P3.2/INT0 P3.3/INT1 P3.4/T0 P3.5/T1 P3.6/WR P3.7/RD XTAL2 XTAL1 12 Pin 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Function VSS NIC* P2.0/A8 P2.1/A9 P2.2/A10 P2.3/A11 P2.4/A12 P2.5/A13 P2.6/A14 P2.7/A15 PSEN ALE NIC* EA/VPP P0.7/AD7 22
23
Pin 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
Function P0.6/AD6 P0.5/AD5 P0.4/AD4 P0.3/AD3 P0.2/AD2 P0.1/AD1 P0.0/AD0 VCC NIC* P1.0/T2 P1.1/T2EX P1.2 P1.3 P1.4
SU01063
* NO INTERNAL CONNECTION
SU01494
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
PIN NUMBER MNEMONIC VSS VCC P0.0-0.7 DIP 20 40 39-32 LCC 22 44 43-36 QFP 16 38 37-30 TYPE I I I/O NAME AND FUNCTION Ground: 0 V reference. Power Supply: This is the power supply voltage for normal, idle, and power-down operation. Port 0: Port 0 is an open-drain, bidirectional I/O port. Port 0 pins that have 1s written to them float and can be used as high-impedance inputs. Port 0 is also the multiplexed low-order address and data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this application, it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Port 1 pins that have 1s written to them are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 1 pins that are externally pulled low will source current because of the internal pull-ups. (See DC Electrical Characteristics: IIL). Alternate function for Port 1: T2 (P1.0): Timer/Counter2 external count input/clockout (see Programmable Clock-Out). T2EX (P1.1): Timer/Counter2 reload/capture/direction control. Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Port 2 pins that have 1s written to them are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current because of the internal pull-ups. (See DC Electrical Characteristics: IIL). Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @DPTR). In this application, it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses (MOV @Ri), port 2 emits the contents of the P2 special function register. Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Port 3 pins that have 1s written to them are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current because of the pull-ups. (See DC Electrical Characteristics: IIL). Port 3 also serves the special features of the 89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58, as listed below: RxD (P3.0): Serial input port TxD (P3.1): Serial output port INT0 (P3.2): External interrupt INT1 (P3.3): External interrupt T0 (P3.4): Timer 0 external input T1 (P3.5): Timer 1 external input WR (P3.6): External data memory write strobe RD (P3.7): External data memory read strobe Reset: A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running, resets the device. An internal diffused resistor to VSS permits a power-on reset using only an external capacitor to VCC. Address Latch Enable: Output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during an access to external memory. In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency, and can be used for external timing or clocking. Note that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external data memory. ALE can be disabled by setting SFR auxiliary.0. With this bit set, ALE will be active only during a MOVX instruction. Program Store Enable: The read strobe to external program memory. When executing code from the external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory. PSEN is not activated during fetches from internal program memory. External Access Enable/Programming Supply Voltage: EA must be externally held low to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations 0000H to the maximum internal memory boundary. If EA is held high, the device executes from internal program memory unless the program counter contains an address greater than 0FFFH for 4 k devices, 1FFFH for 8 k devices, 3FFFH for 16 k devices, and 7FFFH for 32 k devices. The value on the EA pin is latched when RST is released and any subsequent changes have no effect. This pin also receives the 5V/12V (10%) programming supply voltage (VPP) during FLASH programming. Crystal 1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock generator circuits. Crystal 2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
P1.0-P1.7
1-8
2-9
40-44, 1-3
I/O
1 2 P2.0-P2.7 21-28
2 3 24-31
40 41 18-25
I/O I I/O
P3.0-P3.7
10-17
11, 13-19
5, 7-13
I/O
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 RST 9
11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10
5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4
I O I I I I O O I
ALE
30
33
27
O
PSEN
29
32
26
O
EA/VPP
31
35
29
I
XTAL1 XTAL2
19 18
21 20
15 14
I O
NOTE: To avoid "latch-up" effect at power-on, the voltage on any pin (other than VPP) at any time must not be higher than VCC + 0.5 V or VSS - 0.5 V, respectively. 2002 Jan 15 7
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
Table 1.
SYMBOL ACC* AUXR# AUXR1# B* DPTR: DPH DPL IE* IP* IPH# P0* P1* P2* P3* PCON#1 PSW* RACAP2H# RACAP2L# SADDR# SADEN# SBUF SCON* SP TCON* T2CON* T2MOD# TH0 TH1 TH2# TL0 TL1 TL2# TMOD * # - 1. 2.
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58 Special Function Registers
DESCRIPTION Accumulator Auxiliary Auxiliary 1 B register Data Pointer (2 bytes) Data Pointer High Data Pointer Low Interrupt Enable Interrupt Priority Interrupt Priority High Port 0 Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Power Control Program Status Word Timer 2 Capture High Timer 2 Capture Low Slave Address Slave Address Mask Serial Data Buffer Serial Control Stack Pointer Timer Control Timer 2 Control Timer 2 Mode Control Timer High 0 Timer High 1 Timer High 2 Timer Low 0 Timer Low 1 Timer Low 2 Timer Mode DIRECT ADDRESS E0H 8EH A2H F0H 83H 82H AF A8H B8H B7H 80H 90H A0H B0H 87H D0H CBH CAH A9H B9H 99H 9F 98H 81H 8F 88H C8H C9H 8CH 8DH CDH 8AH 8BH CCH 89H TF1 CF TF2 - 8E TR1 CE EXF2 - 8D TF0 CD RCLK - 8C TR0 CC TCLK - 8B IE1 CB EXEN2 - 8A IT1 CA TR2 - 89 IE0 C9 C/T2 T2OE 88 IT0 C8 CP/RL2 DCEN 00H xxxxxx00B 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H 00H
SM0/FE
BIT ADDRESS, SYMBOL, OR ALTERNATIVE PORT FUNCTION MSB E7 - - F7 E6 - - F6 E5 - - F5 E4 - - F4 E3 - GF2 F3 E2 - 0 F2 E1 - - F1 LSB E0 AO DPS F0
RESET VALUE 00H xxxxxxx0B xxxx00x0B 00H 00H 00H
AE - BE - B6 - 86 AD6 96 - A6 AD14 B6 WR SMOD0 D6 AC
AD ET2 BD PT2 B5 PT2H 85 AD5 95 - A5 AD13 B5 T1 - D5 F0
AC ES BC PS B4 PSH 84 AD4 94 - A4 AD12 B4 T0 POF2 D4 RS1
AB ET1 BB PT1 B3 PT1H 83 AD3 93 - A3 AD11 B3 INT1 GF1 D3 RS0
AA EX1 BA PX1 B2 PX1H 82 AD2 92 - A2 AD10 B2 INT0 GF0 D2 OV
A9 ET0 B9 PT0 B1 PT0H 81 AD1 91 T2EX A1 AD9 B1 TxD PD D1 -
A8 EX0 B8 PX0 B0 PX0H 80 AD0 90 T2 A0 AD8 B0 RxD IDL D0 P 000000x0B 00H 00H 00H 00H xxxxxxxxB FFH 00xxx000B FFH FFH FFH xx000000B xx000000B 0x000000B
EA BF - B7 - 87 AD7 97 - A7 AD15 B7 RD SMOD1 D7 CY
9E SM1
9D SM2
9C REN
9B TB8
9A RB8
99 TI
98 RI 00H 07H
GATE
C/T
M1
M0
GATE
C/T
M1
M0
SFRs are bit addressable. SFRs are modified from or added to the 80C51 SFRs. Reserved bits. Reset value depends on reset source. Bit will not be affected by reset. 8
2002 Jan 15
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
FLASH EPROM MEMORY General Description
The 89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58 FLASH reliably stores memory contents even after 10,000 erase and program cycles. The cell is designed to optimize the erase and programming mechanisms. In addition, the combination of advanced tunnel oxide processing and low internal electric fields for erase and programming operations produces reliable cycling.
OSCILLATOR CHARACTERISTICS
XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output, respectively, of an inverting amplifier. The pins can be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator. To drive the device from an external clock source, XTAL1 should be driven while XTAL2 is left unconnected. There are no requirements on the duty cycle of the external clock signal, because the input to the internal clock circuitry is through a divide-by-two flip-flop. However, minimum and maximum high and low times specified in the data sheet must be observed.
Features
* FLASH EPROM internal program memory with Chip Erase * Up to 64 k byte external program memory if the internal program
memory is disabled (EA = 0)
RESET
A reset is accomplished by holding the RST pin high for at least two machine cycles (24 oscillator periods), while the oscillator is running. To insure a good power-on reset, the RST pin must be high long enough to allow the oscillator time to start up (normally a few milliseconds) plus two machine cycles. At power-on, the voltage on VCC and RST must come up at the same time for a proper start-up. Ports 1, 2, and 3 will asynchronously be driven to their reset condition when a voltage above VIH1 (min.) is applied to RST. The value on the EA pin is latched when RST is deasserted and has no further effect.
* Programmable security bits * 10,000 minimum erase/program cycles for each byte * 10 year minimum data retention * Programming support available from many popular vendors
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
LOW POWER MODES Stop Clock Mode
The static design enables the clock speed to be reduced down to 0 MHz (stopped). When the oscillator is stopped, the RAM and Special Function Registers retain their values. This mode allows step-by-step utilization and permits reduced system power consumption by lowering the clock frequency down to any value. For lowest power consumption the Power Down mode is suggested.
two machine cycles before the internal reset algorithm takes control. On-chip hardware inhibits access to internal RAM in this event, but access to the port pins is not inhibited. To eliminate the possibility of an unexpected write when Idle is terminated by reset, the instruction following the one that invokes Idle should not be one that writes to a port pin or to external memory.
ONCE Mode
The ONCE ("On-Circuit Emulation") Mode facilitates testing and debugging of systems without the device having to be removed from the circuit. The ONCE Mode is invoked by: 1. Pull ALE low while the device is in reset and PSEN is high; 2. Hold ALE low as RST is deactivated. While the device is in ONCE Mode, the Port 0 pins go into a float state, and the other port pins and ALE and PSEN are weakly pulled high. The oscillator circuit remains active. While the device is in this mode, an emulator or test CPU can be used to drive the circuit. Normal operation is restored when a normal reset is applied.
Idle Mode
In the idle mode (see Table 2), the CPU puts itself to sleep while all of the on-chip peripherals stay active. The instruction to invoke the idle mode is the last instruction executed in the normal operating mode before the idle mode is activated. The CPU contents, the on-chip RAM, and all of the special function registers remain intact during this mode. The idle mode can be terminated either by any enabled interrupt (at which time the process is picked up at the interrupt service routine and continued), or by a hardware reset which starts the processor in the same manner as a power-on reset.
Power-Down Mode
To save even more power, a Power Down mode (see Table 2) can be invoked by software. In this mode, the oscillator is stopped and the instruction that invoked Power Down is the last instruction executed. The on-chip RAM and Special Function Registers retain their values down to 2.0 V and care must be taken to return VCC to the minimum specified operating voltages before the Power Down Mode is terminated. Either a hardware reset or external interrupt can be used to exit from Power Down. Reset redefines all the SFRs but does not change the on-chip RAM. An external interrupt allows both the SFRs and the on-chip RAM to retain their values. To properly terminate Power Down the reset or external interrupt should not be executed before VCC is restored to its normal operating level and must be held active long enough for the oscillator to restart and stabilize (normally less than 10ms). With an external interrupt, INT0 and INT1 must be enabled and configured as level-sensitive. Holding the pin low restarts the oscillator but bringing the pin back high completes the exit. Once the interrupt is serviced, the next instruction to be executed after RETI will be the one following the instruction that put the device into Power Down.
Programmable Clock-Out
A 50% duty cycle clock can be programmed to come out on P1.0. This pin, besides being a regular I/O pin, has two alternate functions. It can be programmed: 1. to input the external clock for Timer/Counter 2, or 2. to output a 50% duty cycle clock ranging from 61Hz to 4MHz at a 16MHz operating frequency. To configure the Timer/Counter 2 as a clock generator, bit C/T2 (in T2CON) must be cleared and bit T20E in T2MOD must be set. Bit TR2 (T2CON.2) also must be set to start the timer. The Clock-Out frequency depends on the oscillator frequency and the reload value of Timer 2 capture registers (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) as shown in this equation: 4 Oscillator Frequency (65536 * RCAP2H, RCAP2L)
Where (RCAP2H,RCAP2L) = the content of RCAP2H and RCAP2L taken as a 16-bit unsigned integer. In the Clock-Out mode Timer 2 roll-overs will not generate an interrupt. This is similar to when it is used as a baud-rate generator. It is possible to use Timer 2 as a baud-rate generator and a clock generator simultaneously. Note, however, that the baud-rate and the Clock-Out frequency will be the same.
Design Consideration
When the idle mode is terminated by a hardware reset, the device normally resumes program execution, from where it left off, up to
Table 2.
MODE Idle Idle
External Pin Status During Idle and Power-Down Mode
PROGRAM MEMORY Internal External Internal External ALE 1 1 0 0 PSEN 1 1 0 0 PORT 0 Data Float Data Float PORT 1 Data Data Data Data PORT 2 Data Address Data Data PORT 3 Data Data Data Data
Power-down Power-down
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
TIMER 0 AND TIMER 1 OPERATION Timer 0 and Timer 1
The "Timer" or "Counter" function is selected by control bits C/T in the Special Function Register TMOD. These two Timer/Counters have four operating modes, which are selected by bit-pairs (M1, M0) in TMOD. Modes 0, 1, and 2 are the same for both Timers/Counters. Mode 3 is different. The four operating modes are described in the following text. Mode 0 Putting either Timer into Mode 0 makes it look like an 8048 Timer, which is an 8-bit Counter with a divide-by-32 prescaler. Figure 2 shows the Mode 0 operation as it applies to Timer 1. In this mode, the Timer register is configured as a 13-bit register. As the count rolls over from all 1s to all 0s, it sets the Timer interrupt flag TF1. The counted input is enabled to the Timer when TR1 = 1 and either GATE = 0 or INT1 = 1. (Setting GATE = 1 allows the Timer to be controlled by external input INT1, to facilitate pulse width measurements). TR1 is a control bit in the Special Function Register TCON (Figure 3). GATE is in TMOD. The 13-bit register consists of all 8 bits of TH1 and the lower 5 bits of TL1. The upper 3 bits of TL1 are indeterminate and should be ignored. Setting the run flag (TR1) does not clear the registers. Mode 0 operation is the same for the Timer 0 as for Timer 1. Substitute TR0, TF0, and INT0 for the corresponding Timer 1 signals in Figure 2. There are two different GATE bits, one for Timer 1 (TMOD.7) and one for Timer 0 (TMOD.3). TMOD Address = 89H Not Bit Addressable 7 GATE 6 C/T 5 M1 4 M0
Mode 1 Mode 1 is the same as Mode 0, except that the Timer register is being run with all 16 bits. Mode 2 Mode 2 configures the Timer register as an 8-bit Counter (TL1) with automatic reload, as shown in Figure 4. Overflow from TL1 not only sets TF1, but also reloads TL1 with the contents of TH1, which is preset by software. The reload leaves TH1 unchanged. Mode 2 operation is the same for Timer/Counter 0. Mode 3 Timer 1 in Mode 3 simply holds its count. The effect is the same as setting TR1 = 0. Timer 0 in Mode 3 establishes TL0 and TH0 as two separate counters. The logic for Mode 3 on Timer 0 is shown in Figure 5. TL0 uses the Timer 0 control bits: C/T, GATE, TR0, and TF0, as well as the INT0 pin. TH0 is locked into a timer function (counting machine cycles) and takes over the use of TR1 and TF1 from Timer 1. Thus, TH0 now controls the "Timer 1" interrupt. Mode 3 is provided for applications requiring an extra 8-bit timer on the counter. With Timer 0 in Mode 3, an 80C51 can look like it has three Timer/Counters. When Timer 0 is in Mode 3, Timer 1 can be turned on and off by switching it out of and into its own Mode 3, or can still be used by the serial port as a baud rate generator, or in fact, in any application not requiring an interrupt.
Reset Value = 00H
3 GATE
2 C/T
1 M1
0 M0
TIMER 1 GATE C/T M1 0 0 1 1 1 M0 0 1 0 1 1
TIMER 0
Gating control when set. Timer/Counter "x" is enabled only while "INTx" pin is high and "TRx" control pin is set. when cleared Timer "x" is enabled whenever "TRx" control bit is set. Timer or Counter Selector cleared for Timer operation (input from in=ternal system clock.) Set for Counter operation (input from "Tx" input pin). OPERATING 8048 Timer "TLx" serves as 5-bit prescaler. 16-bit Timer/Counter "THx" and "TLx" are cascaded; there is no prescaler. 8-bit auto-reload Timer/Counter "THx" holds a value which is to be reloaded into "TLx" each time it overflows. (Timer 0) TL0 is an 8-bit Timer/Counter controlled by the standard Timer 0 control bits. TH0 is an 8-bit timer only controlled by Timer 1 control bits. (Timer 1) Timer/Counter 1 stopped.
SU01514
Figure 1. Timer/Counter 0/1 Mode Control (TMOD) Register
2002 Jan 15
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
OSC
/ 12 C/T = 0 C/T = 1 T1 Pin TR1 Control TL1 (5 Bits) TH1 (8 Bits)
TF1
Interrupt
Gate
INT1 Pin
SU01555
Figure 2. Timer/Counter 0/1 Mode 0: 13-Bit Counter (Timer 1 shown)
TCON
Address = 88H Bit Addressable
Reset Value = 00H
7 TF1 BIT TCON.7 TCON.6 TCON.5 TCON.4 TCON.3 TCON.2 TCON.1 TCON.0 SYMBOL TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0 IT0
6 TR1
5 TF0
4 TR0
3 IE1
2 IT1
1 IE0
0 IT0
FUNCTION Timer 1 overflow flag. Set by hardware on Timer/Counter overflow. Cleared by hardware when processor vectors to interrupt routine, or clearing the bit in software. Timer 1 Run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn Timer/Counter on/off. Timer 0 overflow flag. Set by hardware on Timer/Counter overflow. Cleared by hardware when processor vectors to interrupt routine, or by clearing the bit in software. Timer 0 Run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn Timer/Counter on/off. Interrupt 1 Edge flag. Set by hardware when external interrupt edge detected. Cleared when interrupt processed. Interrupt 1 type control bit. Set/cleared by software to specify falling edge/low level triggered external interrupts. Interrupt 0 Edge flag. Set by hardware when external interrupt edge detected. Cleared when interrupt processed. Interrupt 0 Type control bit. Set/cleared by software to specify falling edge/low level triggered external interrupts.
SU01516
Figure 3. Timer/Counter 0/1 Control (TCON) Register
2002 Jan 15
12
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
OSC
/ 12 C/T = 0 TL1 (8 Bits) C/T = 1 T1 Pin Control TF1 Interrupt
TR1 Gate TH1 (8 Bits) INT1 Pin
Reload
SU01556
Figure 4. Timer/Counter 0/1 Mode 2: 8-Bit Auto-Load (Timer 1 shown)
OSC
/ 12 C/T = 0 TL0 (8 Bits) C/T = 1 T1 Pin Control TF0 Interrupt
TR0 Gate
INT0 Pin
OSC
/ 12 X2 = 0
X2 = 1 /6 Control TR1
TH0 (8 Bits)
TF1
Interrupt
SU01557
Figure 5. Timer/Counter 0 Mode 3: Two 8-Bit Counters
2002 Jan 15
13
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
TIMER 2 OPERATION Timer 2
Timer 2 is a 16-bit Timer/Counter which can operate as either an event timer or an event counter, as selected by C/T2 in the special function register T2CON (see Figure 1). Timer 2 has three operating modes: Capture, Auto-reload (up or down counting), and Baud Rate Generator, which are selected by bits in the T2CON as shown in Table 3.
Figure 3). When reset is applied the DCEN=0 which means Timer 2 will default to counting up. If DCEN bit is set, Timer 2 can count up or down depending on the value of the T2EX pin. Figure 4 shows Timer 2 which will count up automatically since DCEN=0. In this mode there are two options selected by bit EXEN2 in T2CON register. If EXEN2=0, then Timer 2 counts up to 0FFFFH and sets the TF2 (Overflow Flag) bit upon overflow. This causes the Timer 2 registers to be reloaded with the 16-bit value in RCAP2L and RCAP2H. The values in RCAP2L and RCAP2H are preset by software means. If EXEN2=1, then a 16-bit reload can be triggered either by an overflow or by a 1-to-0 transition at input T2EX. This transition also sets the EXF2 bit. The Timer 2 interrupt, if enabled, can be generated when either TF2 or EXF2 are 1. In Figure 5 DCEN=1 which enables Timer 2 to count up or down. This mode allows pin T2EX to control the direction of count. When a logic 1 is applied at pin T2EX Timer 2 will count up. Timer 2 will overflow at 0FFFFH and set the TF2 flag, which can then generate an interrupt, if the interrupt is enabled. This timer overflow also causes the 16-bit value in RCAP2L and RCAP2H to be reloaded into the timer registers TL2 and TH2. When a logic 0 is applied at pin T2EX this causes Timer 2 to count down. The timer will underflow when TL2 and TH2 become equal to the value stored in RCAP2L and RCAP2H. Timer 2 underflow sets the TF2 flag and causes 0FFFFH to be reloaded into the timer registers TL2 and TH2. The external flag EXF2 toggles when Timer 2 underflows or overflows. This EXF2 bit can be used as a 17th bit of resolution if needed. The EXF2 flag does not generate an interrupt in this mode of operation.
Capture Mode
In the capture mode there are two options which are selected by bit EXEN2 in T2CON. If EXEN2=0, then timer 2 is a 16-bit timer or counter (as selected by C/T2 in T2CON) which, upon overflowing sets bit TF2, the timer 2 overflow bit. This bit can be used to generate an interrupt (by enabling the Timer 2 interrupt bit in the IE register). If EXEN2= 1, Timer 2 operates as described above, but with the added feature that a 1- to -0 transition at external input T2EX causes the current value in the Timer 2 registers, TL2 and TH2, to be captured into registers RCAP2L and RCAP2H, respectively. In addition, the transition at T2EX causes bit EXF2 in T2CON to be set, and EXF2 like TF2 can generate an interrupt (which vectors to the same location as Timer 2 overflow interrupt. The Timer 2 interrupt service routine can interrogate TF2 and EXF2 to determine which event caused the interrupt). The capture mode is illustrated in Figure 2 (There is no reload value for TL2 and TH2 in this mode. Even when a capture event occurs from T2EX, the counter keeps on counting T2EX pin transitions or osc/12 pulses.).
Auto-Reload Mode (Up or Down Counter)
In the 16-bit auto-reload mode, Timer 2 can be configured (as either a timer or counter [C/T2 in T2CON]) then programmed to count up or down. The counting direction is determined by bit DCEN (Down Counter Enable) which is located in the T2MOD register (see
T2CON
Address = C8H Bit Addressable (MSB) 7 TF2 6 EXF2 5 RCLK 4 TCLK 3 EXEN2 2 TR2 1 C/T2
Reset Value = 00H 0 CP/RL2 (LSB)
Symbol TF2 EXF2
Position T2CON.7 T2CON.6
Name and Significance Timer 2 overflow flag set by a Timer 2 overflow and must be cleared by software. TF2 will not be set when either RCLK or TCLK = 1. Timer 2 external flag set when either a capture or reload is caused by a negative transition on T2EX and EXEN2 = 1. When Timer 2 interrupt is enabled, EXF2 = 1 will cause the CPU to vector to the Timer 2 interrupt routine. EXF2 must be cleared by software. EXF2 does not cause an interrupt in up/down counter mode (DCEN = 1). Receive clock flag. When set, causes the serial port to use Timer 2 overflow pulses for its receive clock in modes 1 and 3. RCLK = 0 causes Timer 1 overflow to be used for the receive clock. Transmit clock flag. When set, causes the serial port to use Timer 2 overflow pulses for its transmit clock in modes 1 and 3. TCLK = 0 causes Timer 1 overflows to be used for the transmit clock. Timer 2 external enable flag. When set, allows a capture or reload to occur as a result of a negative transition on T2EX if Timer 2 is not being used to clock the serial port. EXEN2 = 0 causes Timer 2 to ignore events at T2EX. Start/stop control for Timer 2. A logic 1 starts the timer. Timer or counter select. (Timer 2) 0 = Internal timer (OSC/12) 1 = External event counter (falling edge triggered). Capture/Reload flag. When set, captures will occur on negative transitions at T2EX if EXEN2 = 1. When cleared, auto-reloads will occur either with Timer 2 overflows or negative transitions at T2EX when EXEN2 = 1. When either RCLK = 1 or TCLK = 1, this bit is ignored and the timer is forced to auto-reload on Timer 2 overflow. SU01558 Figure 1. Timer/Counter 2 (T2CON) Control Register
RCLK TCLK EXEN2
T2CON.5 T2CON.4 T2CON.3
TR2 C/T2
T2CON.2 T2CON.1
CP/RL2
T2CON.0
2002 Jan 15
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
Table 3.
Timer 2 Operating Modes
CP/RL2 0 1 X X TR2 1 1 1 0 16-bit Auto-reload 16-bit Capture Baud rate generator (off) MODE 0 0 1 X
RCLK + TCLK
OSC
/ 12 C/T2 = 0 TL2 (8-bits) C/T2 = 1 TH2 (8-bits) TF2
T2 Pin
Control
TR2 Transition Detector
Capture Timer 2 Interrupt RCAP2L RCAP2H
T2EX Pin
EXF2
Control
EXEN2
SU00066
Figure 2. Timer 2 in Capture Mode
T2MOD
Address = 0C9H Not Bit Addressable 7 -- 6 -- 5 -- 4 -- 3 -- 2 -- 1 T2OE
Reset Value = XXXX XX00B
0 DCEN
Symbol -- T2OE DCEN
Function Not implemented, reserved for future use1. Timer 2 Output Enable bit. Down Count Enable bit. When set, this allows Timer 2 to be configured as an up/down counter.
SU01559
1. User software should not write 1s to reserved bits. These bits may be used in future 8051 family products to invoke new features. In that case, the reset or inactive value of the new bit will be 0, and its active value will be 1. The value read from a reserved bit is indeterminate. Figure 3. Timer 2 Mode (T2MOD) Control Register
2002 Jan 15
15
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
OSC
/ 12 C/T2 = 0 TL2 (8-BITS) C/T2 = 1 TH2 (8-BITS)
T2 PIN
CONTROL
TR2
RELOAD
TRANSITION DETECTOR
RCAP2L
RCAP2H TF2 TIMER 2 INTERRUPT
T2EX PIN
EXF2
CONTROL
EXEN2
SU00067
Figure 4. Timer 2 in Auto-Reload Mode (DCEN = 0)
(DOWN COUNTING RELOAD VALUE) FFH FFH
TOGGLE EXF2
OSC
/12
C/T2 = 0 OVERFLOW TL2 TH2 TF2 INTERRUPT
T2 PIN
C/T2 = 1 CONTROL TR2 COUNT DIRECTION 1 = UP 0 = DOWN RCAP2L RCAP2H T2EX PIN
(UP COUNTING RELOAD VALUE)
SU00730
Figure 5. Timer 2 Auto Reload Mode (DCEN = 1)
2002 Jan 15
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
Timer 1 Overflow
NOTE: OSC. Freq. is divided by 2, not 12. /2 C/T2 = 0 TL2 (8-bits) C/T2 = 1 T2 Pin Control TH2 (8-bits) "1"
/2 "0" "1" SMOD "0" RCLK
OSC
/ 16 TR2 "1" Reload "0"
RX Clock
TCLK
Transition Detector
RCAP2L
RCAP2H
/ 16
TX Clock
T2EX Pin
EXF2
Timer 2 Interrupt
Control EXEN2 Note availability of additional external interrupt.
SU00068
Figure 6. Timer 2 in Baud Rate Generator Mode
Table 4.
Timer 2 Generated Commonly Used Baud Rates
Timer 2 Osc Freq 12 MHz 12 MHz 12 MHz 12 MHz 12 MHz 12 MHz 12 MHz 6 MHz 6 MHz RCAP2H FF FF FF FF FE FB F2 FD F9 RCAP2L FF D9 B2 64 C8 1E AF 8F 57
The baud rates in modes 1 and 3 are determined by Timer 2's overflow rate given below: Modes 1 and 3 Baud Rates + Timer 2 Overflow Rate 16 The timer can be configured for either "timer" or "counter" operation. In many applications, it is configured for "timer" operation (C/T2*=0). Timer operation is different for Timer 2 when it is being used as a baud rate generator. Usually, as a timer it would increment every machine cycle (i.e., 1/12 the oscillator frequency). As a baud rate generator, it increments every state time (i.e., 1/2 the oscillator frequency). Thus the baud rate formula is as follows: Modes 1 and 3 Baud Rates = Oscillator Frequency [32 [65536 * (RCAP2H, RCAP2L)]] Where: (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) = The content of RCAP2H and RCAP2L taken as a 16-bit unsigned integer. The Timer 2 as a baud rate generator mode shown in Figure 6, is valid only if RCLK and/or TCLK = 1 in T2CON register. Note that a rollover in TH2 does not set TF2, and will not generate an interrupt. Thus, the Timer 2 interrupt does not have to be disabled when Timer 2 is in the baud rate generator mode. Also if the EXEN2 (T2 external enable flag) is set, a 1-to-0 transition in T2EX (Timer/counter 2 trigger input) will set EXF2 (T2 external flag) but will not cause a reload from (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) to (TH2,TL2). Therefore when Timer 2 is in use as a baud rate generator, T2EX can be used as an additional external interrupt, if needed.
Baud Rate 375 k 9.6 k 2.8 k 2.4 k 1.2 k 300 110 300 110
Baud Rate Generator Mode
Bits TCLK and/or RCLK in T2CON (Table 4) allow the serial port transmit and receive baud rates to be derived from either Timer 1 or Timer 2. When TCLK= 0, Timer 1 is used as the serial port transmit baud rate generator. When TCLK= 1, Timer 2 is used as the serial port transmit baud rate generator. RCLK has the same effect for the serial port receive baud rate. With these two bits, the serial port can have different receive and transmit baud rates - one generated by Timer 1, the other by Timer 2. Figure 6 shows the Timer 2 in baud rate generation mode. The baud rate generation mode is like the auto-reload mode, in that a rollover in TH2 causes the Timer 2 registers to be reloaded with the 16-bit value in registers RCAP2H and RCAP2L, which are preset by software.
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
When Timer 2 is in the baud rate generator mode, one should not try to read or write TH2 and TL2. As a baud rate generator, Timer 2 is incremented every state time (osc/2) or asynchronously from pin T2; under these conditions, a read or write of TH2 or TL2 may not be accurate. The RCAP2 registers may be read, but should not be written to, because a write might overlap a reload and cause write and/or reload errors. The timer should be turned off (clear TR2) before accessing the Timer 2 or RCAP2 registers. Table 4 shows commonly used baud rates and how they can be obtained from Timer 2.
If Timer 2 is being clocked internally , the baud rate is: Baud Rate + f OSC [65536 * (RCAP2H, RCAP2L)]]
[32
Where fOSC= Oscillator Frequency To obtain the reload value for RCAP2H and RCAP2L, the above equation can be rewritten as: RCAP2H, RCAP2L + 65536 * f OSC Baud Rate
32
Summary Of Baud Rate Equations
Timer 2 is in baud rate generating mode. If Timer 2 is being clocked through pin T2(P1.0) the baud rate is: Baud Rate + Timer 2 Overflow Rate 16
Timer/Counter 2 Set-up
Except for the baud rate generator mode, the values given for T2CON do not include the setting of the TR2 bit. Therefore, bit TR2 must be set, separately, to turn the timer on. see Table 5 for set-up of Timer 2 as a timer. Also see Table 6 for set-up of Timer 2 as a counter.
Table 5.
Timer 2 as a Timer
T2CON MODE INTERNAL CONTROL (Note 1) 00H 01H 34H 24H 14H EXTERNAL CONTROL (Note 2) 08H 09H 36H 26H 16H
16-bit Auto-Reload 16-bit Capture Baud rate generator receive and transmit same baud rate Receive only Transmit only
Table 6.
Timer 2 as a Counter
TMOD MODE INTERNAL CONTROL (Note 1) 02H 03H EXTERNAL CONTROL (Note 2) 0AH 0BH
16-bit Auto-Reload
NOTES: 1. Capture/reload occurs only on timer/counter overflow. 2. Capture/reload occurs on timer/counter overflow and a 1-to-0 transition on T2EX (P1.1) pin except when Timer 2 is used in the baud rate generator mode.
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
Enhanced UART operation
In addition to the standard operation modes, the UART can perform framing error detect by looking for missing stop bits, and automatic address recognition. The UART also fully supports multiprocessor communication. When used for framing error detect the UART looks for missing stop bits in the communication. A missing bit will set the FE bit in the SCON register. The FE bit shares the SCON.7 bit with SM0 and the function of SCON.7 is determined by PCON.6 (SMOD0) (see Figure 7). If SMOD0 is set then SCON.7 functions as FE. SCON.7 functions as SM0 when SMOD0 is cleared. When used as FE SCON.7 can only be cleared by software. Refer to Figure 8. Automatic Address Recognition Automatic Address Recognition is a feature which allows the UART to recognize certain addresses in the serial bit stream by using hardware to make the comparisons. This feature saves a great deal of software overhead by eliminating the need for the software to examine every serial address which passes by the serial port. This feature is enabled by setting the SM2 bit in SCON. In the 9 bit UART modes, mode 2 and mode 3, the Receive Interrupt flag (RI) will be automatically set when the received byte contains either the "Given" address or the "Broadcast" address. The 9 bit mode requires that the 9th information bit is a 1 to indicate that the received information is an address and not data. Automatic address recognition is shown in Figure 9. The 8 bit mode is called Mode 1. In this mode the RI flag will be set if SM2 is enabled and the information received has a valid stop bit following the 8 address bits and the information is either a Given or Broadcast address. Mode 0 is the Shift Register mode and SM2 is ignored. Using the Automatic Address Recognition feature allows a master to selectively communicate with one or more slaves by invoking the Given slave address or addresses. All of the slaves may be contacted by using the Broadcast address. Two special Function Registers are used to define the slave's address, SADDR, and the address mask, SADEN. SADEN is used to define which bits in the SADDR are to be used and which bits are "don't care". The SADEN mask can be logically ANDed with the SADDR to create the "Given" address which the master will use for addressing each of the slaves. Use of the Given address allows multiple slaves to be recognized while excluding others. The following examples will help to show the versatility of this scheme: Slave 0 SADDR = SADEN = Given = 1100 0000 1111 1101 1100 00X0
Slave 1
SADDR = SADEN = Given =
1100 0000 1111 1110 1100 000X
In the above example SADDR is the same and the SADEN data is used to differentiate between the two slaves. Slave 0 requires a 0 in bit 0 and it ignores bit 1. Slave 1 requires a 0 in bit 1 and bit 0 is ignored. A unique address for Slave 0 would be 1100 0010 since slave 1 requires a 0 in bit 1. A unique address for slave 1 would be 1100 0001 since a 1 in bit 0 will exclude slave 0. Both slaves can be selected at the same time by an address which has bit 0 = 0 (for slave 0) and bit 1 = 0 (for slave 1). Thus, both could be addressed with 1100 0000. In a more complex system the following could be used to select slaves 1 and 2 while excluding slave 0: Slave 0 SADDR = SADEN = Given = SADDR = SADEN = Given = SADDR = SADEN = Given = 1100 0000 1111 1001 1100 0XX0 1110 0000 1111 1010 1110 0X0X 1110 0000 1111 1100 1110 00XX
Slave 1
Slave 2
In the above example the differentiation among the 3 slaves is in the lower 3 address bits. Slave 0 requires that bit 0 = 0 and it can be uniquely addressed by 1110 0110. Slave 1 requires that bit 1 = 0 and it can be uniquely addressed by 1110 and 0101. Slave 2 requires that bit 2 = 0 and its unique address is 1110 0011. To select Slaves 0 and 1 and exclude Slave 2 use address 1110 0100, since it is necessary to make bit 2 = 1 to exclude slave 2. The Broadcast Address for each slave is created by taking the logical OR of SADDR and SADEN. Zeros in this result are trended as don't-cares. In most cases, interpreting the don't-cares as ones, the broadcast address will be FF hexadecimal. Upon reset SADDR (SFR address 0A9H) and SADEN (SFR address 0B9H) are leaded with 0s. This produces a given address of all "don't cares" as well as a Broadcast address of all "don't cares". This effectively disables the Automatic Addressing mode and allows the microcontroller to use standard 80C51 type UART drivers which do not make use of this feature.
2002 Jan 15
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
SCON Address = 98H Bit Addressable 7 SM0/FE 6 SM1 5 SM2 4 REN 3 TB8 2 RB8 1 Tl 0 Rl
Reset Value = 0000 0000B
(SMOD0 = 0/1)* Symbol FE Position SCON.7 Function Framing Error bit. This bit is set by the receiver when an invalid stop bit is detected. The FE bit is not cleared by valid frames but should be cleared by software. The SMOD0 bit must be set to enable access to the FE bit.* Serial Port Mode Bit 0, (SMOD0 must = 0 to access bit SM0) Serial Port Mode Bit 1 SM0 0 0 1 1 SM2 SCON.5 SM1 0 1 0 1 Mode 0 1 2 3 Description shift register 8-bit UART 9-bit UART 9-bit UART Baud Rate** fOSC/12 or fOSC/6 depending on the mode variable fOSC/64 or fOSC/32 variable
SM0 SM1
SCON.7 SCON.6
Enables the Automatic Address Recognition feature in Modes 2 or 3. If SM2 = 1 then Rl will not be set unless the received 9th data bit (RB8) is 1, indicating an address, and the received byte is a Given or Broadcast Address. In Mode 1, if SM2 = 1 then Rl will not be activated unless a valid stop bit was received, and the received byte is a Given or Broadcast Address. In Mode 0, SM2 should be 0. Enables serial reception. Set by software to enable reception. Clear by software to disable reception. The 9th data bit that will be transmitted in Modes 2 and 3. Set or clear by software as desired. In modes 2 and 3, the 9th data bit that was received. In Mode 1, if SM2 = 0, RB8 is the stop bit that was received. In Mode 0, RB8 is not used. Transmit interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or at the beginning of the stop bit in the other modes, in any serial transmission. Must be cleared by software. Receive interrupt flag. Set by hardware at the end of the 8th bit time in Mode 0, or halfway through the stop bit time in the other modes, in any serial reception (except see SM2). Must be cleared by software.
SU01484
REN TB8 RB8
SCON.4 SCON.3 SCON.2
Tl Rl
SCON.1 SCON.0
NOTES: *SMOD0 is located at PCON.6. **fOSC = oscillator frequency
Figure 7. SCON: Serial Port Control Register
2002 Jan 15
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
START BIT
DATA BYTE
ONLY IN MODE 2, 3
STOP BIT
SET FE BIT IF STOP BIT IS 0 (FRAMING ERROR) SM0 TO UART MODE CONTROL
SM0 / FE
SM1
SM2
REN
TB8
RB8
TI
RI
SCON (98H)
SMOD1
SMOD0
-
POF
GF1
GF0
PD
IDL
PCON (87H)
0 : SCON.7 = SM0 1 : SCON.7 = FE
SU01191
Figure 8. UART Framing Error Detection
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
SM0 1 1
SM1 1 0
SM2 1
REN 1
TB8 X
RB8
TI
RI
SCON (98H)
RECEIVED ADDRESS D0 TO D7 PROGRAMMED ADDRESS COMPARATOR
IN UART MODE 2 OR MODE 3 AND SM2 = 1: INTERRUPT IF REN=1, RB8=1 AND "RECEIVED ADDRESS" = "PROGRAMMED ADDRESS" - WHEN OWN ADDRESS RECEIVED, CLEAR SM2 TO RECEIVE DATA BYTES - WHEN ALL DATA BYTES HAVE BEEN RECEIVED: SET SM2 TO WAIT FOR NEXT ADDRESS.
SU00045
Figure 9. UART Multiprocessor Communication, Automatic Address Recognition
2002 Jan 15
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
Interrupt Priority Structure
0 INT0 1 IT0 IE0
Priority Level Structure Each interrupt source can also be individually programmed to one of four priority levels by setting or clearing bits in Special Function Registers IP (Figure 12) and IPH (Figure 13). A lower-priority interrupt can itself be interrupted by a higher-priority interrupt, but not by another interrupt of the same level. A high-priority level 3 interrupt can't be interrupted by any other interrupt source. If two request of different priority levels are received simultaneously, the request of higher priority level is serviced. If requests of the same priority level are received simultaneously, an internal polling sequence determines which request is serviced. Thus within each priority level there is a second priority structure determined by the polling sequence as follows: Source 1. IE0 (External Int 0) 2. TF0 (Timer 0) 3. IE1 (External Int 1) 4. TF1 (Timer 1) 5. RI+TI (UART) 6. TF2, EXF2 (Timer 2)
SU01521
TF0
0 INT1 1 IT1 IE1
Interrupt Sources
TF1 TI RI TF2, EXF2
Priority Within Level (highest)
(lowest)
Figure 10. 80C51 Interrupt Sources
Note that the "priority within level" structure is only used to resolve simultaneous requests of the same priority level. The IP and IPH registers contain a number of unimplemented bits. User software should not write 1s to these positions, since they may be used in other 80C51 Family products. How Interrupts Are Handled The interrupt flags are sampled at S5P2 of every machine cycle. The samples are polled during the following machine cycle. If one of the flags was in a set condition at S5P2 of the preceding cycle, the polling cycle will find it and the interrupt system will generate an LCALL to the appropriate service routine, provided this hardware-generated LCALL is not blocked by any of the following conditions: 1. An interrupt of equal or higher priority level is already in progress. 2. The current (polling) cycle is not the final cycle in the execution of the instruction in progress. 3. The instruction in progress is RETI or any write to the IE or IP registers. Any of these three conditions will block the generation of the LCALL to the interrupt service routine. Condition 2 ensures that the instruction in progress will be completed before vectoring to any service routine. Condition 3 ensures that if the instruction in progress is RETI or any access to IE or IP, then at least one more instruction will be executed before any interrupt is vectored to. The polling cycle is repeated with each machine cycle, and the values polled are the values that were present at S5P2 of the previous machine cycle. Note that if an interrupt flag is active but not being responded to for one of the above conditions, if the flag is not still active when the blocking condition is removed, the denied interrupt will not be serviced. In other words, the fact that the interrupt flag was once active but not serviced is not remembered. Every polling cycle is new.
Interrupts
The devices described in this data sheet provide six interrupt sources. These are shown in Figure 10. The External Interrupts INT0 and INT1 can each be either level-activated or transition-activated, depending on bits IT0 and IT1 in Register TCON. The flags that actually generate these interrupts are bits IE0 and IE1 in TCON. When an external interrupt is generated, the flag that generated it is cleared by the hardware when the service routine is vectored to only if the interrupt was transition-activated. If the interrupt was level-activated, then the external requesting source is what controls the request flag, rather than the on-chip hardware. The Timer 0 and Timer 1 Interrupts are generated by TF0 and TF1, which are set by a rollover in their respective Timer/Counter registers (except see Timer 0 in Mode 3). When a timer interrupt is generated, the flag that generated it is cleared by the on-chip hardware when the service routine is vectored to. The Serial Port Interrupt is generated by the logical OR of RI and TI. Neither of these flags is cleared by hardware when the service routine is vectored to. In fact, the service routine will normally have to determine whether it was RI or TI that generated the interrupt, and the bit will have to be cleared in software. All of the bits that generate interrupts can be set or cleared by software, with the same result as though it had been set or cleared by hardware. That is, interrupts can be generated or pending interrupts can be canceled in software. Each of these interrupt sources can be individually enabled or disabled by setting or clearing a bit in Special Function Register IE (Figure 11). IE also contains a global disable bit, EA, which disables all interrupts at once.
2002 Jan 15
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
IE
Address = 0A8H Bit Addressable 7 EA 6 -- 5 ET2 4 ES 3 ET1 2 EX1 1 ET0 0 EX0
Reset Value = 0X000000B
Enable Bit = 1 enables the interrupt. Enable Bit = 0 disables it. BIT IE.7 IE.6 IE.5 IE.4 IE.3 IE.2 IE.1 IE.0 SYMBOL EA -- ET2 ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0 FUNCTION Global disable bit. If EA = 0, all interrupts are disabled. If EA = 1, each interrupt can be individually enabled or disabled by setting or clearing its enable bit. Not implemented. Reserved for future use. Timer 2 interrupt enable bit. Serial Port interrupt enable bit. Timer 1 interrupt enable bit. External interrupt 1 enable bit. Timer 0 interrupt enable bit. External interrupt 0 enable bit.
SU01522
Figure 11. Interrupt Enable (IE) Register
IP
Address = 0B8H Bit Addressable 7 -- 6 -- 5 PT2 4 PS 3 PT1 2 PX1 1 PT0 0
Reset Value = xx000000B
PX0
Priority Bit = 1 assigns higher priority Priority Bit = 0 assigns lower priority BIT IP.7 IP.6 IP.5 IP.4 IP.3 IP.2 IP.1 IP.0 SYMBOL -- -- PT2 PS PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0 FUNCTION Not implemented, reserved for future use. Not implemented, reserved for future use. Timer 2 interrupt priority bit. Serial Port interrupt priority bit. Timer 1 interrupt priority bit. External interrupt 1 priority bit. Timer 0 interrupt priority bit. External interrupt 0 priority bit. Figure 12. Interrupt Priority (IP) Register
SU01523
IPH
Address = B7H Bit Addressable 7 -- 6 -- 5 PT2H 4 PSH 3 PT1H 2 PX1H 1 PT0H 0
Reset Value = xx000000B
PX0H
Priority Bit = 1 assigns higher priority Priority Bit = 0 assigns lower priority BIT IPH.7 IPH.6 IPH.5 IPH.4 IPH.3 IPH.2 IPH.1 IPH.0 SYMBOL -- -- PT2H PSH PT1H PX1H PT0H PX0H FUNCTION Not implemented, reserved for future use. Not implemented, reserved for future use. Timer 2 interrupt priority bit high. Serial Port interrupt priority bit high. Timer 1 interrupt priority bit high. External interrupt 1 priority bit high. Timer 0 interrupt priority bit high. External interrupt 0 priority bit high. Figure 13. Interrupt Priority HIGH (IPH) Register
SU01524
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
......... S5P2 .........
C1 S6
C2
C3
C4
C5
....
.... .... Interrupt Goes Active Interrupt Latched Interrupts Are Polled Long Call to Interrupt Vector Address Interrupt Routine
This is the fastest possible response when C2 is the final cycle of an instruction other than RETI or an access to IE or IP.
SU00546
Figure 14. Interrupt Response Timing Diagram The polling cycle/LCALL sequence is illustrated in Figure 14. Note that if an interrupt of higher priority level goes active prior to S5P2 of the machine cycle labeled C3 in Figure 14, then in accordance with the above rules it will be vectored to during C5 and C6, without any instruction of the lower priority routine having been executed. Thus the processor acknowledges an interrupt request by executing a hardware-generated LCALL to the appropriate servicing routine. In some cases it also clears the flag that generated the interrupt, and in other cases it doesn't. It never clears the Serial Port flag. This has to be done in the user's software. It clears an external interrupt flag (IE0 or IE1) only if it was transition-activated. The hardware-generated LCALL pushes the contents of the Program Counter on to the stack (but it does not save the PSW) and reloads the PC with an address that depends on the source of the interrupt being vectored to, as shown in Table 7. Execution proceeds from that location until the RETI instruction is encountered. The RETI instruction informs the processor that this interrupt routine is no longer in progress, then pops the top two bytes from the stack and reloads the Program Counter. Execution of the interrupted program continues from where it left off. Note that a simple RET instruction would also have returned execution to the interrupted program, but it would have left the interrupt control system thinking an interrupt was still in progress, making future interrupts impossible. External Interrupts The external sources can be programmed to be level-activated or transition-activated by setting or clearing bit IT1 or IT0 in Register TCON. If ITx = 0, external interrupt x is triggered by a detected low at the INTx pin. If ITx = 1, external interrupt x is edge triggered. In this mode if successive samples of the INTx pin show a high in one cycle and a low in the next cycle, interrupt request flag IEx in TCON is set. Flag bit IEx then requests the interrupt. Since the external interrupt pins are sampled once each machine cycle, an input high or low should hold for at least 12 oscillator periods to ensure sampling. If the external interrupt is transition-activated, the external source has to hold the request pin high for at least one cycle, and then hold it low for at least one cycle. This is done to ensure that the transition is seen so that interrupt request flag IEx will be set. IEx will be automatically cleared by the CPU when the service routine is called. If the external interrupt is level-activated, the external source has to hold the request active until the requested interrupt is actually generated. Then it has to deactivate the request before the interrupt service routine is completed, or else another interrupt will be generated. Response Time The INT0 and INT1 levels are inverted and latched into IE0 and IE1 at S5P2 of every machine cycle. The values are not actually polled by the circuitry until the next machine cycle. If a request is active and conditions are right for it to be acknowledged, a hardware subroutine call to the requested service routine will be the next instruction to be executed. The call itself takes two cycles. Thus, a minimum of three complete machine cycles elapse between activation of an external interrupt request and the beginning of execution of the first instruction of the service routine. Figure 14 shows interrupt response timings. A longer response time would result if the request is blocked by one of the 3 previously listed conditions. If an interrupt of equal or higher priority level is already in progress, the additional wait time obviously depends on the nature of the other interrupt's service routine. If the instruction in progress is not in its final cycle, the additional wait time cannot be more the 3 cycles, since the longest instructions (MUL and DIV) are only 4 cycles long, and if the instruction in progress is RETI or an access to IE or IP, the additional wait time cannot be more than 5 cycles (a maximum of one more cycle to complete the instruction in progress, plus 4 cycles to complete the next instruction if the instruction is MUL or DIV). Thus, in a single-interrupt system, the response time is always more than 3 cycles and less than 9 cycles. As previously mentioned, the derivatives described in this data sheet have a four-level interrupt structure. The corresponding registers are IE, IP and IPH. (See Figures 11, 12, and 13.) The IPH (Interrupt Priority High) register makes the four-level interrupt structure possible. The function of the IPH SFR is simple and when combined with the IP SFR determines the priority of each interrupt. The priority of each interrupt is determined as shown in the following table: PRIORITY BITS IPH.x 0 0 1 1 IP.x 0 1 0 1 INTERRUPT PRIORITY LEVEL Level 0 (lowest priority) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 (highest priority)
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
An interrupt will be serviced as long as an interrupt of equal or higher priority is not already being serviced. If an interrupt of equal or higher level priority is being serviced, the new interrupt will wait until it is finished before being serviced. If a lower priority level
interrupt is being serviced, it will be stopped and the new interrupt serviced. When the new interrupt is finished, the lower priority level interrupt that was stopped will be completed.
Table 7.
Interrupt Table
POLLING PRIORITY 1 2 3 4 5 6 REQUEST BITS IE0 TF0 IE1 TF1 RI, TI TF2, EXF2 HARDWARE CLEAR? N (L)1 Y N (L) Y (T) Y N N Y (T)2 VECTOR ADDRESS 03H 0BH 13H 1BH 23H 2BH
SOURCE External interrupt 0 Timer 0 External interrupt 1 Timer 1 UART Timer 2 NOTES: 1. L = Level activated 2. T = Transition activated
Reduced EMI Mode
The AO bit (AUXR.0) in the AUXR register when set disables the ALE output, unless the CPU needs to perform an off-chip memory access. AUXR Address = 8EH Not Bit Addressable 7 -- Symbol AO Function Disable/Enable ALE AO Operating Mode 0 ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/3 the oscillator frequency (6 clock mode; 1/6 fOSC in 12 clock mode) 1 ALE is active only during off-chip memory accesses. Not implemented, reserved for future use1.
SU01560
Reset Value = xxxx xxx0B 6 -- 5 -- 4 -- 3 -- 2 -- 1 -- 0 AO
--
1. User software should not write 1s to reserved bits. These bits may be used in future 8051 family products to invoke new features. In that case, the reset or inactive value of the new bit will be 0, and its active value will be 1. The value read from a reserved bit is indeterminate. Figure 15. AUXR: Auxiliary Register
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
Dual DPTR
The dual DPTR structure (see Figure 17) is a way by which the chip will specify the address of an external data memory location. There are two 16-bit DPTR registers that address the external memory, and a single bit called DPS = AUXR1/bit0 that allows the program code to switch between them. AUXR1 Address = A2H Not Bit Addressable 7 -- Symbol GF2 DPS Function 6 -- 5 -- 4 -- 3
* New Register Name: AUXR1# * SFR Address: A2H * Reset Value: xxxx00x0B
Reset Value = xxxx 00x0B 2 0 1 -- 0 DPS
GF2
The GF2 bit is a general purpose user-defined flag. Note that bit 2 is not writable and is always read as a zero. This allows the DPS bit to be quickly toggled simply by executing an INC AUXR1 instruction without affecting the GF2 bit. DPS = AUXR1/bit0 = Switches between DPTR0 and DPTR1. Select Reg DPS DPTR0 0 DPTR1 1 Not implemented, reserved for future use1.
SU01561
--
1. User software should not write 1s to reserved bits. These bits may be used in future 8051 family products to invoke new features. In that case, the reset or inactive value of the new bit will be 0, and its active value will be 1. The value read from a reserved bit is indeterminate. Figure 16. AUXR1: Auxiliary 1 Register INC DPTR
DPS BIT0 AUXR1
Increments the data pointer by 1 Loads the DPTR with a 16-bit constant Move code byte relative to DPTR to ACC Move external RAM (16-bit address) to ACC Move ACC to external RAM (16-bit address) Jump indirect relative to DPTR
MOV DPTR, #data16
DPTR1 DPTR0 DPH (83H) DPL (82H) EXTERNAL DATA MEMORY
MOV A, @ A+DPTR MOVX A, @ DPTR MOVX @ DPTR , A JMP @ A + DPTR
SU00745A
Figure 17. The data pointer can be accessed on a byte-by-byte basis by specifying the low or high byte in an instruction which accesses the SFRs. See application note AN458 for more details.
DPTR Instructions The instructions that refer to DPTR refer to the data pointer that is currently selected using the AUXR1/bit 0 register. The six instructions that use the DPTR are as follows:
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS1, 2, 3
PARAMETER Operating temperature under bias Storage temperature range Voltage on EA/VPP pin to VSS Voltage on any other pin to VSS Maximum IOL per I/O pin Power dissipation (based on package heat transfer limitations, not device power consumption) RATING 0 to +70 or -40 to +85 -65 to +150 0 to +13.0 -0.5 to +6.5 15 1.5 UNIT C C V V mA W
NOTES: 1. Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any conditions other than those described in the AC and DC Electrical Characteristics section of this specification is not implied. 2. This product includes circuitry specifically designed for the protection of its internal devices from the damaging effects of excessive static charge. Nonetheless, it is suggested that conventional precautions be taken to avoid applying greater than the rated maximum. 3. Parameters are valid over operating temperature range unless otherwise specified. All voltages are with respect to VSS unless otherwise noted.
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Tamb = 0C to +70C or -40C to +85C SYMBOL 1/tCLCL Oscillator frequency PARAMETER CLOCK FREQUENCY RANGE -f MIN 0 MAX 33 MHz UNIT
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Tamb = 0C to +70C or -40C to +85C; 5 V 10%; VSS = 0 V SYMBOL VIL VIH VIH1 VOL VOL1 VOH VOH1 IIL ITL ILI ICC Input low voltage Input high voltage (ports 0, 1, 2, 3, EA) Input high voltage, XTAL1, RST Output low voltage, ports 1, 2, 3 8 Output low voltage, port 0, ALE, PSEN 7, 8 Output high voltage, ports 1, 2, 3 3 Output high voltage (port 0 in external bus mode), ALE9, PSEN3 Logical 0 input current, ports 1, 2, 3 Logical 1-to-0 transition current, ports 1, 2, 36 Input leakage current, port 0 Power supply current (see Figure 25): Active mode (see Note 5) Idle mode (see Note 5) Power-down mode or clock stopped (see Figure 29 for conditions) Internal reset pull-down resistor Pin capacitance10 (except EA) VCC = 4.5 V IOL = 1.6 mA2 VCC = 4.5 V IOL = 3.2 mA2 VCC = 4.5 V IOH = -30 A VCC = 4.5 V IOH = -3.2 mA VIN = 0.4 V VIN = 2.0 V See Note 4 0.45 < VIN < VCC - 0.3 See Note 5 VCC - 0.7 VCC - 0.7 -1 -75 -650 10 PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS 4.5 V < VCC < 5.5 V LIMITS MIN -0.5 0.2 VCC+0.9 0.7 VCC TYP1 UNIT MAX 0.2 VCC-0.1 VCC+0.5 VCC+0.5 0.4 0.4 V V V V V V V A A A
Tamb = 0C to 70C Tamb = -40C to +85C 40
3
100 125 225 15
A A k pF
RRST CIO
NOTES: 1. Typical ratings are not guaranteed. The values listed are at room temperature, 5 V. 2. Capacitive loading on ports 0 and 2 may cause spurious noise to be superimposed on the VOLs of ALE and ports 1 and 3. The noise is due to external bus capacitance discharging into the port 0 and port 2 pins when these pins make 1-to-0 transitions during bus operations. In the worst cases (capacitive loading > 100pF), the noise pulse on the ALE pin may exceed 0.8V. In such cases, it may be desirable to qualify ALE with a Schmitt Trigger, or use an address latch with a Schmitt Trigger STROBE input. IOL can exceed these conditions provided that no single output sinks more than 5 mA and no more than two outputs exceed the test conditions. 3. Capacitive loading on ports 0 and 2 may cause the VOH on ALE and PSEN to momentarily fall below the VCC-0.7 specification when the address bits are stabilizing. 4. Pins of ports 1, 2 and 3 source a transition current when they are being externally driven from 1 to 0. The transition current reaches its maximum value when VIN is approximately 2 V. 5. See Figures 26 through 29 for ICC test conditions and Figure 25 for ICC vs Freq. Active mode: ICC(MAX) = (0.56 x FREQ. + 8.0)mA Idle mode: ICC(MAX) = (0.30 x FREQ. +2.0)mA 6. This value applies to Tamb = 0C to +70C. 7. Load capacitance for port 0, ALE, and PSEN = 100pF, load capacitance for all other outputs = 80 pF. 8. Under steady state (non-transient) conditions, IOL must be externally limited as follows: Maximum IOL per port pin: 15 mA (*NOTE: This is 85C specification.) 26 mA Maximum IOL per 8-bit port: 71 mA Maximum total IOL for all outputs: If IOL exceeds the test condition, VOL may exceed the related specification. Pins are not guaranteed to sink current greater than the listed test conditions. 9. ALE is tested to VOH1, except when ALE is off then VOH is the voltage specification. 10. Pin capacitance is characterized but not tested. Pin capacitance is less than 25 pF. Pin capacitance of ceramic package is less than 15 pF (except EA is 25 pF).
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Tamb = 0C to +70C or -40C to +85C, VCC = 5 V 10%, VSS = 0V1, 2, 3 VARIABLE CLOCK4 SYMBOL 1/tCLCL tLHLL tAVLL tLLAX tLLIV tLLPL tPLPH tPLIV tPXIX tPXIZ tAVIV tPLAZ Data Memory tRLRH tWLWH tRLDV tRHDX tRHDZ tLLDV tAVDV tLLWL tAVWL tQVWX tWHQX tQVWH tRLAZ tWHLH tCHCX tCLCX tCLCH tCHCL Shift Register tXLXL tQVXH tXHQX tXHDX tXHDV 21 21 21 21 21 Serial port clock cycle time Output data setup to clock rising edge Output data hold after clock rising edge Input data hold after clock rising edge Clock rising edge to input data valid 12tCLCL 10tCLCL-133 2tCLCL-80 0 10tCLCL-133 360 167 50 0 167 ns ns ns ns ns 19, 20 19, 20 19, 20 19, 20 19, 20 19, 20 19, 20 19, 20 19, 20 19, 20 19, 20 20 19, 20 19, 20 22 22 22 22 RD pulse width WR pulse width RD low to valid data in Data hold after RD Data float after RD ALE low to valid data in Address to valid data in ALE low to RD or WR low Address valid to WR low or RD low Data valid to WR transition Data hold after WR Data valid to WR high RD low to address float RD or WR high to ALE high High time Low time Rise time Fall time tCLCL-25 17 17 3tCLCL-50 4tCLCL-75 tCLCL-30 tCLCL-25 7tCLCL-130 0 tCLCL+25 tCLCL-tCLCX tCLCL-tCHCX 5 5 5 0 2tCLCL-28 8tCLCL-150 9tCLCL-165 3tCLCL+50 40 45 0 5 80 0 55 6tCLCL-100 6tCLCL-100 5tCLCL-90 0 32 90 105 140 82 82 60 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns FIGURE 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 PARAMETER Oscillator frequency Speed versions ALE pulse width Address valid to ALE low Address hold after ALE low ALE low to valid instruction in ALE low to PSEN low PSEN pulse width PSEN low to valid instruction in Input instruction hold after PSEN Input instruction float after PSEN Address to valid instruction in PSEN low to address float 0 tCLCL-25 5tCLCL-80 10 tCLCL-25 3tCLCL-45 3tCLCL-60 0 5 70 10 MIN 3.5 2tCLCL-40 tCLCL-25 tCLCL-25 4tCLCL-65 5 45 30 MAX 33 3.5 21 5 5 55 33 33MHz CLOCK MIN MAX UNIT MHz ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
External Clock
NOTES: 1. Parameters are valid over operating temperature range unless otherwise specified. 2. Load capacitance for port 0, ALE, and PSEN = 100 pF, load capacitance for all other outputs = 80 pF. 3. Interfacing the microcontroller to devices with float times up to 45 ns is permitted. This limited bus contention will not cause damage to Port 0 drivers. 4. Parts are guaranteed to operate down to 0 Hz.
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
EXPLANATION OF THE AC SYMBOLS
Each timing symbol has five characters. The first character is always `t' (= time). The other characters, depending on their positions, indicate the name of a signal or the logical status of that signal. The designations are: A - Address C - Clock D - Input data H - Logic level high I - Instruction (program memory contents) L - Logic level low, or ALE P - PSEN Q - Output data R - RD signal t - Time V - Valid W - WR signal X - No longer a valid logic level Z - Float Examples: tAVLL = Time for address valid to ALE low. tLLPL =Time for ALE low to PSEN low.
tLHLL
ALE
tAVLL
tLLPL
PSEN
tPLPH tLLIV tPLIV tPLAZ tPXIX
INSTR IN
tLLAX
tPXIZ
PORT 0
A0-A7
A0-A7
tAVIV
PORT 2 A0-A15 A8-A15
SU00006
Figure 18. External Program Memory Read Cycle
ALE
tWHLH
PSEN
tLLDV tLLWL
RD
tRLRH
tAVLL
PORT 0
tLLAX tRLAZ
A0-A7 FROM RI OR DPL
tRLDV tRHDX
DATA IN
tRHDZ
A0-A7 FROM PCL
INSTR IN
tAVWL tAVDV
PORT 2 P2.0-P2.7 OR A8-A15 FROM DPF A0-A15 FROM PCH
SU00025
Figure 19. External Data Memory Read Cycle
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
ALE
tWHLH
PSEN
tLLWL
WR
tWLWH
tAVLL
PORT 0
tLLAX
tQVWX tQVWH
tWHQX
A0-A7 FROM RI OR DPL
DATA OUT
A0-A7 FROM PCL
INSTR IN
tAVWL
PORT 2
P2.0-P2.7 OR A8-A15 FROM DPF
A0-A15 FROM PCH
SU00026
Figure 20. External Data Memory Write Cycle
INSTRUCTION ALE
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
tXLXL
CLOCK
tQVXH
OUTPUT DATA 0 WRITE TO SBUF
tXHQX
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
tXHDV
INPUT DATA VALID CLEAR RI VALID
tXHDX
SET TI VALID VALID VALID VALID VALID VALID
SET RI
SU00027
Figure 21. Shift Register Mode Timing
VCC-0.5 0.45V
0.7VCC 0.2VCC-0.1
tCHCL
tCLCX tCLCL
tCHCX tCLCH
SU00009
Figure 22. External Clock Drive
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
VCC-0.5
0.2VCC+0.9 VLOAD 0.2VCC-0.1
VLOAD+0.1V VLOAD-0.1V
TIMING REFERENCE POINTS
VOH-0.1V VOL+0.1V
0.45V
NOTE: AC inputs during testing are driven at VCC -0.5 for a logic `1' and 0.45V for a logic `0'. Timing measurements are made at VIH min for a logic `1' and VIL max for a logic `0'.
NOTE: For timing purposes, a port is no longer floating when a 100mV change from load voltage occurs, and begins to float when a 100mV change from the loaded VOH/VOL level occurs. IOH/IOL 20mA.
SU00717
SU00718
Figure 23. AC Testing Input/Output
Figure 24. Float Waveform
60 55
50
45
40
35
ICC (mA)
30 Icc MAX. ACTIVE MODE 25 Icc MAX ACTIVE MODE (TYP.) 20
15 Icc MAX. IDLE MODE 10 Icc IDLE MODE (TYP.) 5
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
Frequency at XTAL1 (MHz)
SU01495
Figure 25. ICC vs. FREQ Valid only within frequency specifications of the device under test
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
VCC ICC VCC VCC P0 EA (NC) CLOCK SIGNAL XTAL2 XTAL1 VSS (NC) CLOCK SIGNAL XTAL2 XTAL1 VSS VCC RST P0 EA VCC
VCC ICC
VCC
RST
SU00719
SU00720
Figure 26. ICC Test Condition, Active Mode All other pins are disconnected
Figure 27. ICC Test Condition, Idle Mode All other pins are disconnected
VCC-0.5 0.45V
0.7VCC 0.2VCC-0.1
tCHCL
tCLCX tCLCL
tCHCX tCLCH
SU00009
Figure 28. Clock Signal Waveform for ICC Tests in Active and Idle Modes tCLCH = tCHCL = 5ns
VCC ICC VCC RST P0 EA (NC) XTAL2 XTAL1 VSS VCC
SU00016
Figure 29. ICC Test Condition, Power Down Mode All other pins are disconnected. VCC = 2V to 5.5V
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
Security
The security feature protects against software piracy and prevents the contents of the FLASH from being read. The Security Lock bits are located in FLASH. The 89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58 has 3 programmable security lock bits that will provide different levels of protection for the on-chip code and data (see Table 8). Unlike the ROM and OTP versions, the security lock bits are independent. LB3 includes the security protection of LB1.
Table 8.
SECURITY LOCK BITS1 Level LB1 LB2 LB3 PROTECTION DESCRIPTION MOVC instructions executed from external program memory are disabled from fetching code bytes from internal memory. Program verification is disabled External execution is disabled.
NOTE: 1. The security lock bits are independent.
2002 Jan 15
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Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
PLCC44: plastic leaded chip carrier; 44 leads
SOT187-2
2002 Jan 15
35
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
DIP40: plastic dual in-line package; 40 leads (600 mil)
SOT129-1
2002 Jan 15
36
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
LQFP44: plastic low profile quad flat package; 44 leads; body 10 x 10 x 1.4 mm
SOT389-1
2002 Jan 15
37
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
REVISION HISTORY
Release date 2002 Jan 15 CPCN 9397 750 09302 Modifications to previous release PROGRAMMING ALGORITHM MODIFIED due to process change (see device comparison table). PQFP package replaced by LQFP package (dimensions see end of data sheet). Lower power consumption due to process change. DEVICE COMPARISON TABLE inserted (beginning of data sheet). Selection Table for Flash devices updated and extended. Ordering information table updated. Erase and program cycles increased from 100 to 10,000. 1999 Oct 27 9397 750 06613 Combined data sheet for all four parts (89C51/52/54/58).
2002 Jan 15
38
Philips Semiconductors
Product data
80C51 8-bit microcontroller family 4K/8K/16K/32K Flash
89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58
Data sheet status
Data sheet status [1] Objective data Preliminary data Product status [2] Development Qualification Definitions This data sheet contains data from the objective specification for product development. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification in any manner without notice. This data sheet contains data from the preliminary specification. Supplementary data will be published at a later date. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to change the specification without notice, in order to improve the design and supply the best possible product. This data sheet contains data from the product specification. Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes at any time in order to improve the design, manufacturing and supply. Changes will be communicated according to the Customer Product/Process Change Notification (CPCN) procedure SNW-SQ-650A.
Product data
Production
[1] Please consult the most recently issued data sheet before initiating or completing a design. [2] The product status of the device(s) described in this data sheet may have changed since this data sheet was published. The latest information is available on the Internet at URL http://www.semiconductors.philips.com.
Definitions
Short-form specification -- The data in a short-form specification is extracted from a full data sheet with the same type number and title. For detailed information see the relevant data sheet or data handbook. Limiting values definition -- Limiting values given are in accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Stress above one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or at any other conditions above those given in the Characteristics sections of the specification is not implied. Exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. Application information -- Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. Philips Semiconductors make no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification.
Disclaimers
Life support -- These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Philips Semiconductors customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Philips Semiconductors for any damages resulting from such application. Right to make changes -- Philips Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes, without notice, in the products, including circuits, standard cells, and/or software, described or contained herein in order to improve design and/or performance. Philips Semiconductors assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of any of these products, conveys no license or title under any patent, copyright, or mask work right to these products, and makes no representations or warranties that these products are free from patent, copyright, or mask work right infringement, unless otherwise specified.
Contact information
For additional information please visit http://www.semiconductors.philips.com. Fax: +31 40 27 24825
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2002 All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. Date of release: 01-02
For sales offices addresses send e-mail to: sales.addresses@www.semiconductors.philips.com.
Document order number:
9397 750 09302
Philips Semiconductors
2002 Jan 15 39

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